The soil microbiome refers to the diverse community of microorganisms that inhabit soil, including bacteria, fungi, archaea, and protists. These microorganisms play crucial roles in soil health and fertility, as they are involved in nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, and plant-microbe interactions. Studying the soil microbiome can provide insights into ecosystem processes, agricultural sustainability, and climate change mitigation strategies. Researchers use advanced molecular techniques such as high-throughput sequencing to characterize the composition and function of soil microbial communities. Understanding the soil microbiome is essential for improving soil management practices and promoting sustainable agriculture.